Gatsbys Corruptive Nature Essay Example For Students

Gatsbys Corruptive Nature Essay The Great Gatsby , composed by F. Scott Fitzgerald is a depiction of the shrinking of the American Dream. The American Dream guarantees thriving and self-satisfaction as remunerations for difficult work and independence. A result of the boondocks and the west, the American Dream moves individuals to have dreams and endeavor to make them genuine. Generally, the Dream speaks to the picture of having confidence in the integrity of nature. Be that as it may, the American Dream can be deciphered in various manners. While some may take a stab at profound goodness and greatness, others take the fantasy to speak to absolutely materialistic qualities. This is the situation of Jay Gatsby, and Fitzgerald appears through clash and imagery that such a materialistic understanding of the American Dream is the very reason for Gatsbys ruin. Gatsbys individual dream represents the bigger American dream where all have the chance to get what they want.(Prasad This blured adaptation of the American Dream is spoken to principally by the contention between the recently rich and the set up rich, the East Eggers and the West Eggers. West Egg is the home of Jay Gatsby and those like him who have made colossal fortunes yet who do not have the conventions that accompany acquired riches. The West Eggers live in a rough world, originating from the reception of riches as their solitary standard in accomplishing the American Dream. The East Eggers, spoke to in The Great Gatsby by the Buchanans, have the acquired customs that accompany riches and do not have the roughness of the West Eggers. They have been debased by the purposelessness and facilitate that their cash has given. Because of their acquired customs, the East Eggers normally respect any adjustment in the social progression as a danger to the whole structure of society. A case of this is indicated when Tom Buchanan says something about the seperation of the family and possible intermarriage among dark and white.The thought is in the event that we dont peer out the white race will be absolutely lowered. Its all logical stuff; its been demonstrated. Its up to us, who are the predominant race, to keep an eye out or these different races will have control of things.(17) Thus, the abundance of the West Eggers and that of the East Eggers bring about comparative human contrasts, however demonstrated in an unexpected way. That is the reason West Egg and East Egg, apppear so divergent, are indistinguishable. They are both shriveling ceaselessly from the guarantee of the American Another case of the degenerate American Dream is the vehicle, an exemplary image of material riches in America. In The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby is fixated on an existence of realism. He claims an exceptional vehicle whose appearance is begrudged by many. It was a rich cream shading, splendid with nickel, swollen to a great extent in its tremendous length with triumphant cap boxes and super-boxes and tool kits, and terraced with a maze of wind-shields that reflected twelve suns.(68) Gatsbys vehicle is an exaggerated thing made by riches to satisfy the American Dream of individual material achievement. It is, in any case, Gatsbys vehicle that slaughters Myrtle Wilson when Daisy runs her over. This by implication prompts Gatsbys own demise and depicts Fitzgeralds subject that putting together the Dream with respect to realism alone is eventually damaging. Alongside the vehicle, Jay Gatsby himself is an image of the debasement of the American Dream. He is a sentimental visionary who looks to satisfy his life by procuring his riches as a mobster. Gatsby doesn't change much over the span of the novel since his entire life is committed to the satisfaction of a sentimental dream made that is conflicting with the real factors of society. At an early age Gatsby promised to cherish and to wed Daisy Buchanan. His absence of riches drove Daisy into the arms of another increasingly prosperous man, Tom Buchanan. Gatsby accepted that he could win Daisy back with cash, and that he could get the existence she needed in the event that he paid for it. .uf271c14ffbd195c210fdf965d0faa29c , .uf271c14ffbd195c210fdf965d0faa29c .postImageUrl , .uf271c14ffbd195c210fdf965d0faa29c .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .uf271c14ffbd195c210fdf965d0faa29c , .uf271c14ffbd195c210fdf965d0faa29c:hover , .uf271c14ffbd195c210fdf965d0faa29c:visited , .uf271c14ffbd195c210fdf965d0faa29c:active { border:0!important; } .uf271c14ffbd195c210fdf965d0faa29c .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uf271c14ffbd195c210fdf965d0faa29c { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uf271c14ffbd195c210fdf965d0faa29c:active , .uf271c14ffbd195c210fdf965d0faa29c:hover { mistiness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uf271c14ffbd195c210fdf965d0faa29c .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .uf271c14ffbd195c210fdf965d0faa29c .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-beautification: underline; } .uf271c14ffbd195c210fdf965d0faa29c .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uf271c14ffbd195c210fdf965d0faa29c .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enhancement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf271c14ffbd195c210fdf965d0faa29c:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uf271c14ffbd195c210fd f965d0faa29c .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uf271c14ffbd195c210fdf965d0faa29c-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uf271c14ffbd195c210fdf965d0faa29c:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Hard Rock Operations Management and Productivity of the Staff Essay He needed to get rid of time so as to wreck the four years Tom and Daisy had together. Gatsby needed to rehash the past, Im going to fix everything simply the manner in which it was previously. Shell see . . ..(117) Gatsbys sentimental dismissal for

Business ethic case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Business ethic case - Essay Example Advisors have a duty to help alleviate the harm done by prejudice in the work environment. Organizations have a duty to act evenhandedly toward their representatives and investors. Government has an obligation to ensure the freedom of its residents. Minorities have a duty to take a stand in opposition to such abuse at every possible opportunity. The dominant part has an obligation to secure the frail. Representatives have an obligation to their bosses and associates to keep up a libertarian hard working attitude. At last, the essential partners are singular families, the main partners who are auxiliary survivors of a supremacist corporate culture. Consider the underlying foundations of work environment prejudice proactively. What causes prejudice in the working environment? It could involve assets. There may not be sufficient occupations to go around and individuals need those of their own race to profit over others, or it could involve individual goal. Individuals will in general express hostility toward those they see as by one way or another sub-par either genuinely, intellectually or socially. For the most part, this will in general involve confidence. What understanding must individuals need to maintain a strategic distance from working environment bigotry? The essential conviction everybody must receive so as to stay away from racially charged clash at work is basic. We should get that in spite of the fact that we may not all look, think, and act the same, everybody has the option to live and endure quietly inside our general public. That implies in spite of the fact that I dislike an individual for reasons unknown, I sh ould give them the room they have to accommodate themselves and their families. In the event that there is no other explanation I feel along these lines, it ought to be on the grounds that I wish for the equivalent. On the off chance that others feel antagonistic toward me, I need them to disregard me enough to have a sense of safety in my activity and at home at any rate. A few masterminds have placed this thought as the reason for the implicit agreement. For what reason do people not just invade each other with power and

Mind and Hand

Mind and Hand Ive already mentioned how busy I am this semester and have gone over my schedule, but now its time to show just what Ive been busy with! One of my classes, 2.008, focuses on manufacturing and machining, meaning that we learn to *gasp* manufacture and machine things. MIT has always bragged about its motto, Mens et Manus, or Mind and Hand, because were constantly creating, building, and getting dirty. Ive done my fair share of building since Ive gotten here (plastic bottle pirate ship, 4 robots, an Olmec, etc) but all of that used skills that I really already had. This last week, however, I learned something new. I learned how to use a CNC lathe and a CNC mill. For those of you who are unacquainted, a lathe and a mill are tools used to machine metal/plastic/anything that needs to be shaped into a part. A lathe is for radially symmetric features and spins your part really fast, letting you touch it with sharp tools to cut grooves, pockets, round edges, so on and so forth. A mill is essentially the lovechild of an etch-a-sketch and a drill press. Using two dials you can move your part around on a table (like an etch-a-sketch) and then when you pull a lever you can lower a drill bit into it (like a drill press). The main difference is that you can move the part around while the drill bit (actually called an end mill) is in the part, cutting grooves, notches, and all sorts of neat shapes into it. The CNC means that these tools are computer controllable. Come on, you know how hard it is to make a circle on an etch-a-sketch! CNC lets you design parts in SolidWorks, import them into a program called MasterCAM, and then load them onto the mills/lat hes. Then the tool does all the work for you, spitting out a finished part in just a few minutes. Neat, huh? Later in the semester well be using these to create aluminum molds to injection mold yo-yos with. Until then, we were assigned a Learn to use the equipment project of machining a paper weight. Each of us was given a piece of aluminum stock, 1.5R with a height of .625. We were allowed to do pretty much anything possible, but we had to use both the lathe and the mill. We designed our paper weights in SolidWorks first, the easiest way to bust out a 3D part. I didnt want my paper weight to suck. This had the potential to be a really nice product, something that I could keep forever, so I got a kind of intricate with my design. I decided to machine the great dome, with some special features. Heres what my finished SolidWorks file looked like As you can see, I added some footsteps to the top of the dome, because Im pretty sure there are some. I also put the Inscription Hack around the perimeter of the dome. Awesome, looks good in SolidWorks, hows it going to look in real life? The first thing to do was to turn the part. Never say lathe the part, its called turning. We put my aluminum stock in the machine, closed the doors, and checked through my code using the control panel on the outside. If there is anything more intimidating I have yet to encounter it. It was the scariest thing ever, but luckily shop guys are VERY good at what they do. Please note that that hand is certainly not mine. Once it was all set we hit GO and off it went! The part spun and the tools cut into it. There was a lot of coolant splashing everywhere so it was hard to get really good pictures, but here are a few I managed to get. I made a video of the final run of the paper weight so you can see the lathe in action. Without a CNC I dare you to get that kind of curve. Consider yourself dared. So, I had a perfectly shaped little dome, next it was time for the mill. The mill was programmed to etch the writing and the footsteps into my paper weight, one at a time, using an engraving tool with a tip only .02 in diameter (TINY!). I popped the part into the vice, set my zero at the top of my part, and pushed GO! ~20 minutes later (lots of etching) it was all finished, but while it was being etched it looked like this Finally it was all done! Well, sort of. I cleaned it up with a rag and some hot water, then I took it over to a normal lathe (not CNC) and let it spin while I touched it with some fine grit sandpaper to polish it. When everything was all said and done I had this lovely before and after picture to take Isnt that awesome!? But, there was an issue. Well, there were two issues. I realized shortly after polishing it up that there was a u missing Industry. The space was there, just no letter, so it looked like Ind stry. Not good. Then I noticed that I spelled science as sceince. Those of you who know me know that I am WAY too obsessive compulsive to be ok with this, so I ended up re-machining the whole thing after making the changes on the computer. When everything was all said and done, I had a beautiful paper weight that I was really proud of. Will I make another? Potentially, the code is all there. Will I make many awesome things in the future with my newly learned skills? Absolutely. Mind and hand As some of you probably know, MITs motto is Mens et manus, which is Latin for Mind and hand. Now, in most cases, a school motto isnt particularly meaningful. Its a slogan that sounds cute. In the case of MIT, I feel that its still a slogan that sounds cute, but its also meaningful. It reflects something I consider to be an important component of MIT culture. At some point in the past, someone on this blog asked me whether, as a science major, I felt overshadowed by MITs engineers. And I answered that question at that time, but this is sort of a more extensive answer. Most MIT students come in with a strong bias towards either science or engineering. Then you get some who dont care so much about either and are primarily interested in business, or architecture, or political science, or whatever, but for purposes of this post lets assume theres a science/engineering dichotomy among frosh. And there are extremes. At the science extreme, you get brillant people who live in the theoretical worlds in their heads, and love to know why things work the way they do, but couldnt build anything if their life depended on it. They dont really know how to apply knowledge. At the engineering extreme, you get the kids who have been writing code or machining parts or building circuits in their spare time since they were in middle school. They dont really care about the theory behind anything; they want to know how things work. They get frustrated in theoretical classes because they feel like the material is not useful. Notice that I talked about a frosh dichotomy. This is because, as these students go through MIT, most of the scientists become more like engineers, and the engineers like scientists. When I came here, I was pretty far along the science extreme. Id done plenty of sports, but never done anything physical, other than lab experiments, that involved the application of academic knowledge. I was thought of as a klutzy person and nobody would have ever entrusted me with anything more dangerous or complicated than a screwdriver, so I didnt know how to use power tools or anything like that. The most engineering-like thing Id ever done was AP Computer Science. Two and a half years later, Im still a scientist, but Im also something of an engineer, and Ive learned to be one both in and out of the classroom. In addition to all my neuroscience and bio classes, Ive taken 18.03 (Differential Equations), 6.001 (Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs), 6.004 (Computation Structures) and 6.186 (Mobile Autonomous Systems Laboratory, the robotics competition from my last entry). Next term, Ill be taking 6.002 (Circuits and Electronics) and maybe another engineering class. But more important than the classes Ive taken, is what I can do. I can code, if not terribly well, in Scheme, Java, C, or Assembly. I can wire some simple circuits (I bet Ill be better at that after 6.002) and solder. I can use a drill press, a hacksaw, a bandsaw, a scroll saw, and a lathe, and perform minor repairs on some of them. I can use wood and metal files. I can re-key the pins in a lock, and take measurements for a new key. I can tie knots. I can design a large-i sh engineering project. I can machine parts, and put things together. I helped build a robot. The competitions today, and well see how it does. For some people, this is old hat. For me, its really exciting, because its so new. Last term there was a group of students trying to get a bladesmithing club together. They wanted to use a blacksmiths forge to make knife and sword blades, and do metalworking in general. I eagerly joined with them. Unfortunately, there wasnt enough funding for the club to get off the ground, but maybe in the future So I am a scientist who has also become an engineer. As the engineers become scienists. We all stretch our comfort zones a little, under the influence of the people surrounding us. I feel more competent and confidence as a result of what I can do. The engineers slowly come to realize that theoretical knowledge isnt such a dumb idea after all. The boundaries collapse, and everyone wins. That, my friends, is Mind and hand.

Biography of Col. Ellison Onizuka, Challenger Astronaut

When the space shuttle Challenger exploded on January 28, 1986, the tragedy took the lives of seven astronauts. Among them was Col. Ellison Onizuka, an Air Force veteran and Nasa astronaut who became the first Asian-American to fly to space. Fast Facts: Ellison Onizuka Born: June 24, 1946 in Kaelakekua, Kona, HawaiiDied: January 28, 1986 in Cape Canaveral, FloridaParents: Masamitsu and Mitsue OnizukaSpouse: Lorna Leiko Yoshida (m. 1969)Children: Janelle Onizuka-Gillilan, Darien Lei Shuzue Onizuka-MorganEducation: Bachelors and Masters degrees in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Colorado  Career: Air Force pilot, NASA AstronautFamous Quote: Your vision is not limited by what your eyes can see, but by what your mind can imagine. Many things that you take for granted were considered unrealistic dreams by previous generations. If you accept these past accomplishments as commonplace then think of the new horizons that you can explore. From your vantage point, your education and imagination will carry you to places which we won’t believe possible. Make your life count—and the world will be a better place because you tried. On the wall of the Hawaii Challenger Center. Early Life Ellison Onizuka was born under the name Onizuka Shoji in Kaleakekua, near Kona, on the Big Island of Hawaii, on June 24, 1946. His parents were Masamitsu and Mitsue Onizuka. He grew up with two sisters and a brother, and was a member of Future Farmers of America and the Boy Scouts. He attended Konawaena High School and often talked about how he would dream about flying out to the stars that he could see from his home on the island.   Education Onizuka left Hawaii to study engineering at the University of Colorado, receiving a bachelors degree in June 1969 and a masters degree a few months later. That same year he also married Lorna Leiko Yoshida. The Onizukas had two daughters: Janelle Onizuka-Gillilan and Darien Lei Shizue Onizuka-Morgan.   After graduation, Onizuka joined the United States Air Force and served as a flight test engineer and test pilot. He also focused on systems security engineering for a number of different jets. During his flying career, Onizuka gained more than 1,700 flight hours. While in the Air Force, he trained at the Flight Test Center at Edwards Air Force Base in California. While racking up flying time and testing jets for the Air Force, he also worked on systems for a number of experimental military aircraft.   Onizukas NASA Career The crew assigned to the STS-51C mission included (kneeling in front left to right) Loren J. Schriver, pilot; and Thomas K. Mattingly, II, commander. Standing, left to right, are Gary E. Payton, payload specialist; and mission specialists James F. Buchli, and Ellison L. Onizuka. Launched aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery on January 24, 1985 at 2:50:00 pm (EST), the STS-51C was the first mission dedicated to the Department of Defense (DOD).   NASA Ellison Onizuka was selected as a NASA astronaut in 1978 and left the Air Force with a rank of lieutenant colonel. At NASA, he worked on the shuttle avionics integration laboratory team, mission support, and, while in space, managing payloads on orbit. He took his first flight on STS 51-C aboard the shuttle Discovery in 1985. It was a top-secret flight to launch a payload from the Department of Defense, the first classified mission for the orbiters. That flight also heralded another first by making Onizuka the first Asian-American to fly in space.  The flight lasted for 48 orbits, giving Onizuka 74 hours on orbit. Ellison Onizuka (left) in flight with Loren Shriver, during his first shuttle mission.   NASA Onizukas Final Mission His next assignment was on STS 51-L, set to launch Challenger into orbit in January 1986. For that flight, Onizuka was assigned mission specialist duties. He was joined by teacher-in-space selectee Christa McAuliffe, Gregory Jarvis, Ronald McNair, Michael J. Smith, Judith Resnik, and Dick Scobee. It would have been his second flight to space. Unfortunately, Col. Onizuka perished along with his crewmates when the spacecraft was destroyed during an explosion 73 seconds after launch. Crew of Space Shuttle Challenger X (L-R front row) astronauts Smith, Scobee, McNair (L-R rear) Onizuka, payload specialist/teacher McAuliffe, payload spec. Jarvis astronaut Resnik, Johnson Space Center. The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images / Getty Images Honors and Legacy Most people at NASA who worked with him remember Colonel Onizuka as an explorer. He was a man with a great sense of humor, and someone who often encouraged people, particularly young students to use their imagination and intellect as they pursued their careers. During his short career, he was awarded the Air Force Commendation Medal, Air Force Outstanding Unit Award, and the National Defense Service Medal. After his death, Col. Onizuka was honored in a variety of ways, including the Congressional Space Medal of Honor. He was raised to the rank of Colonel in the Air Force, an honor given to those who lose their lives in service. Col. Onizuka is buried at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific in Honolulu. His accomplishments have been memorialized on buildings, streets, an asteroid, a Star Trek shuttlecraft, and other science and engineering-related buildings. Various institutions, including the Gemini Observatories and other facilities in Hawaii, hold annual Ellison Onizuka days for engineering and science symposia. The Challenger Center Hawaii maintains a salute to his service to his country and to NASA. One of two airports on the Big Island is named for him: the Ellison Onizuka Kona International Airport at Keahole. Astronomers also recognize his service with the Onizuka Center for International Astronomy. Its a support center at the base of Mauna Kea, where a number of the worlds best observatories are located. Visitors to the center are told his story, and a plaque dedicated to him is mounted on a rock where everyone can see it as they enter the station.   Onizuka was a popular speaker, and returned several times to his alma mater in Boulder, Colorado, to speak to students about becoming an astronaut.   Onizukas Soccer Ball Ellison Onizukas soccer ball, retrieved after the Challenger disaster, flies aboard the International Space Station during Expedition 49. NASA One of the more poignant of Ellison Onizukas memorials is his soccer ball. It was given to him by his daughters soccer team, which he also coached, and was something he wanted to take to space, so he stowed it away on board the Challenger as part of his personal allotment. It actually survived the explosion that destroyed the shuttle and was eventually picked up by the rescue teams. The soccer ball was stored, along with all the other astronauts personal effects. Eventually, the ball made it back to the Onizuka family, and they presented it to Clear Lake High School, where the Onizuka daughters attended school. After some years in a display case, it made a special trip to orbit aboard the International Space Station during Expedition 49 in 2016. Upon its return to Earth in 2017, the ball made its way back to the high school, where it remains as a tribute to the life of Ellison Onizuka.   Sources â€Å"Colonel Ellison Shoji Onizuka.† Colorado Center for Policy Studies | University of Colorado Colorado Springs, www.uccs.edu/afrotc/memory/onizuka.â€Å"Ellison Onizuka, First Asian-American Astronaut, Brought Hawaii to Space.† NBCNews.com, NBCUniversal News Group, www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/ellison-onizuka-first-asian-american-astronaut-brought-hawaiian-spirit-space-n502101.NASA, NASA, er.jsc.nasa.gov/seh/onizuka.htm.â€Å"The inside Story of the Soccer Ball That Survived the Challenger Explosion.† ESPN, ESPN Internet Ventures, www.espn.com/espn/feature/story/_/id/23902766/nasa-astronaut-ellison-onizuka-soccer-ball-survived-challenger-explosion.

Limitations Of The Study Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1685 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Business organizations have always procured goods as raw materials from suppliers and at the same time sold finished products to consumers on credit and defer payment for such products to the future. It is important that organizations manage such credit arrangements in a manner that should make them recoverable in the long run. Most organizations fail to manage their account receivables in the sense that there are no conscious effort on the part of management to track whatever amount are due them as companies. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Limitations Of The Study Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Inefficiencies and ineffectiveness in the analysis and review of debtors lists have always contributed to financial challenges in most organizations particularly, public organizations. The management of account receivables is of vital importance to the success of organizations as it prevents revenue leakage, reduce bad debt, increase companys cash flow and also improves delivery of value services to customers. According to Roberto, Short, and Patricia (2001) accounts receivables management is the process of establishing an effective system for credit policy, credit risk management, credit risk procedure, and recognition of bad debt expense. It is established that huge ledger balances of receivables indicate a flawed credit policy and any slack in the collection period of these organizations lead to a higher possibility of bad debts. A major component of accounts receivable is the trade credit offered to trading partners by an organization. Trade credit can be viewed as a loan a su pplier provides to its customers in respect of product sales. Ferris (1981) states that short-term loan is tied in both timing and value to the exchange of goods therefore a company would want to collect receivables sooner rather than later as this will enable the company to increase its frequency of reinvestment, or turnover, of its capital. The ability to liquidate the receivables should be of great concern to companies since non-payments and late payments by credit customers can negatively affect the business operation (Zainudin, 2008). There are risks attached to offering trade credits to customers due to the duration between the time of delivery of service or products and the time the customer pays, in this case if a company sells on credit, its money is tied to the products until the customer pays. But, importantly though credit collection function is, it is often neglected and managed inefficiently. The problem, however, is not new and not confined to any particular industry or country. Ghana Water Company Limited, Kumasi within which this research is being conducted is of no exemption. The companys primary objective is to provide reliable and affordable water supply to meet the needs of its customers. However, achieving this objective seems almost illusory in the numerous challenges the company is confronted with. The Ghana Water Company Limiteds Monthly Revenue Report for May (2012), has revealed that sizeable amount of money stands in the books as arrears which its numerous customers are supposed to pay. In managing account receivables, there should be a policy that will help maximize revenue collection. It will need to take into account a companys current and desired cash position, as well as its ability to satisfy expected demand. Past and present governments of the Republic of Ghana have been trying various ways of getting funds to improve the water systems in the country in order to provide potable water for the good people of this country. Th ey have not relented in their efforts, yet it seems that not enough funds have been solicited to enable Ghana Water Company to execute this very important task. Several studies have indicated that it costs the company almost GHÂÂ ¢0.80 per meter cube to produce, transport and distribute a unit volume of potable water. Water tariffs have, however, been held around GHÂÂ ¢0.20 per meter cube. GWCL has already been operating at a level constrained by insufficiency of funds without regard to actual operational needs. In this case if Ghana Water Company Limited do not properly manage their accounts receivable well, they may be faced with debt servicing challenges and will be forced to impose higher tariffs the effects of which may be unbearable to the consumers of its services. Organizations should therefore be practically oriented and be systematic of managing accounts receivable to enhance their continual growth, profitability and survival in their businesses. 1.2. Statement of the Problem The significant role in which an effective management of accounts receivable plays in every organization cannot be overemphasized. Companies that concentrate on credit sales without monitoring their collection will soon find much of their current assets tied up in bad debts. The offer of service on credit base to customers needs an effective credit system management that allows companies to collect its accounts due on time and not inherit risk. Ghana Water Company Limited deliver their service on credit basis and that has created huge arrears or debtors figure in their financial statement making it difficult for the company to manage its account receivables taking into consideration the size of its indebtedness. Ironically, GWCL has always been given the mandate by the Public Utility Regulation Commission (PURC) to increase its tariffs a little higher but still complains of lack of adequate funds to enable them operate effectively and efficiently. This cause reaction from the ge neral public of the poor quality of service being provided by GWCL because the health of the masses of every country largely depend on the source of water they drink or use, that is the more reason why it is said that water is life. It is believed that there are more to the problem and therefore an increment in tariffs without better management of accounts receivable will always cause obstacles in the production of service to customers. This study therefore seeks to look into these problems in the context of GWCL and identifies how the company can manage its account receivables build-up in order to ease the financial burden it currently finds itself. It further draws a practical conclusion to the billing system of the Ghana Water Company Limited, their collection strategies, credit policy and generally how these huge arrears are or should be managed by GWCL and other business organizations which may find this work beneficial to them. 1.3 Research Questions The statement of the problem induces the researcher to formulate the following sub questions: What are the credit policies of Ghana Water Company Limited? Do consumers of Ghana Water Company abide by the credit policy? What are the difficulties faced by GWCL in the collection of accounts receivable? How does this affect the smooth operations of the company? What is the relationship between GWCLs credit policy management and its debt collection performance? 1.4 Research Objectives The overall aim of this study is to evaluate the management of accounts receivable in service organizations and to suggest ways to overcome its challenges. The specific objectives are to: Examine the credit policy adopted by Ghana Water Company Limited to collect account receivables from customers. Examine customers awareness of the credit policy and the constraints in abiding by this policy? To identify problems/constraint associated with account receivable collection by GWCL To identify constraints associated with GWCL account receivable payment by customers Establish whether there is a relationship between GWCLs credit policy management and its debt collection performance. 1.5 Significance of the Study The study seeks to bring out the problems involved in the huge debtors figure in the financial statement of GWCL and other utility companies as they sell mostly on credit bases. It would also provide a framework with which the management of the organizations or companies can or may examine the prudence ways of managing their account receivables. The purpose of this study therefore is to investigate the underlying factors that have militated against the ability of GWCL to discharge or deliver on its responsibilities. It is the expectation of this research study to identify the factors responsible for this state of affairs and to propose appropriate means to address these in the affected region. The findings of this research may as well form a basis for further research into the management of accounts receivable and positive steps will be taken to improve this situation. 1.6 The Scope of the Study This study is limited to the management of account receivable but not the management of working capital in totality. The intention was to concentrate on debtors management which has been a source of worry to GWCL and most of the utility industries. GWCL was selected among most of the utility industries and the location of Kumasi due to the companys interest in this topic and the accessibility of information by the researcher. 1.7 Limitations of the Study The study took GWCL, Kumasi as a single entity and selection of few of its customers (debtors) and staff for this research. The selection does not cover all the GWCL customers in Kumasi who are in arrears or indebted to the company. Again, since Kumasi was specifically selected for these studies, the diversity of billing and customer indebtedness challenges, in other parts of the country of Ghana were not wholly covered. The study is also limited by the fact that, due to administrative secrecy, certain vital information was not released to the researcher. Nevertheless, the study as much as possible provides a fair view of the topic under consideration. 1.8 Organization of the Study The study is organized into five main chapters. Chapter one introduces the study which concerns itself with the background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study and the limitation of the study. Chapter two examines existing literature and the reviews of related literature work on accounts receivable. There is also an empirical evidence of related research work. Chapter three presents the methodology used in gathering both primary and secondary data with a detailed account of how the research will be conducted. The background of the study area, the study type, the study design, study variables, sample size and sampling technique method, data collection method, data analysis method and the ethical consideration are all involved. Chapter four contains the analysis of data, interpretation of the findings. Chapter five summarizes, concludes and offer recommendation for further study.

located in Rosemount Free Essays

The farm is located in Rosemount. Linstead, St Catherine. The distance from the farmer’s house to his farm is 200ft and about half mile from the town of Linstead. We will write a custom essay sample on located in Rosemount or any similar topic only for you Order Now The size of the farm The size of the Rosemount farm is eight hectares which includes 6 sections of plots used to plant various crops. This is the usual size of small farms in the Caribbean because small farms size usually range from zero to ten hectares. Markets Britain and other European countries have traditionally been the main export markets for Caribbean agriculture. Due to increased competition, the Caricom market has become more important for regional agriculture. In Jamaica, small scale farmers mainly market their crops in the following ways: Directly to supermarkets such as: Shoppers Fair, and Hi-Lo. Higglers that come mainly from around the St Catherine area, includes Spanish town and Linstead. Directly to hotels some of which include: Altamont Court Hotel, Terra Nova All Suit Hotel, The Liguanea Club and The Spanish Court Hotel. Selling at monthly farmers market which is coordinated by Rural Agriculture Development Authority (R. A. D. A). To manufacturing companies like Grace Kennedy Ltd Directly to consumers The produce from Rosemount farm is marketed in the following ways: Directly to higglers and export to the Caricom of Antigua and Barbuda The Caricom market has proven to very profitable for the Rosemount farmer and therefore allows him to adequately take care of his family, workers and will enable him to use some of the profits for future expansion of his farm. Labour Rosemount farm employs four female workers to assist with farming activities. No family member is employed to the farm. Additional labour is required on the farm to assist with the following farming activities. How to cite located in Rosemount, Papers

Marketing and Management for Business of Assisted Living Facility

Question: Describe about the Marketing and Management for Business of Assisted Living Facility. Answer: The business of Assisted Living Facility is concerned about providing suitable and conductive facilities which are exclusively designed especially for the elderly people who are in dire need of assistance and care (Greeley, 2016). The company Union Family First is based on New Jersey with well furnished apartments decorated with beddings, necessary furniture and other facilities that will add up an extra bit of comfort to the facility services. In other word this can be defined as a place that is conductive for the aged people. The basic principle of Union Family First is to provide accommodation only to the elderly people who will need assistance in carrying out some the domestic works which they are not able perform on their own. Starting an assisted living facility business requires a broad overview of the dealings associated with the business and related anticipated steps required for building up the business successfully (Kossover et al., 2014). Therefore, it is quite essential the business will involve dealing with a number of people and this will definitely require excellent efficiency in this trade. Hard work and serious planning is essential for setting up assisted living facility business (Goto et al., 2013). The permit and license for running the business should be obtained from the government. Again, the facility centre should meet the health and safety standards specified by the government for running the business. Moreover, running an assisted facility business may involve extensive cost. This is because a number of other factors are associated with this. Such as, renting facilities, paying the workers and furnishing the facility that will effectively suit the elderly persons. Feeding those elderly persons and many more other essential factors that cannot be neglected (Grabowski et al., 2012). Keeping all these things in mind the Union Family First has been established. The business is established in New Jersey, United States as the population of older people is very dense in this region and its still growing. It will be located at the Cape May, New Jersey in an especially renovated and secured housing arrangement facility. As there is a number of assisted living facility centers in the United States. However, with the proper facilities and infrastructures it is expected that the business will secure substantial profit and therefore run successfully (Kisling et al., 2015). The business of assisted living facility is a service providing business it provides the elderly people with well furnished and well equipped residential complexes. Here these people will be able to live peacefully and comfortably. A number well trained nurses and doctors are also appointed who will be responsible for taking care of the residents of this facility centre. Again, these elderly persons are also assisted in their daily domestic works by the staffs as these people are unable to perform all of these tasks on their own. Environmental Analysis of the company and determining the primary and secondary target markets (4Ps, 5Cs and STP): PESTEL analysis: PESTEL analysis is an analytical tool that is used for determining the analyzing the external environment of a company or organization. Political factors: For ensuring the successful and profitable operability of any company it is quite essential to get a broad overview of the political environment of the region where the company is operating. In New Jersey, there are no political disturbances and therefore the business will solely focus on the political framework that is essential to follow for operating in this region (Liu, 2013). Economic factors: Economic factors again play an important role behind the success of any company. Recently there is a global economic crisis prevailing all over the world, this may affect the business of the company adversely. This is because the global economic downturn is reducing the disposable income of the individuals (Kaskie et al., 2015). On a positive note it can be said that in terms of the global economic condition the United States is currently in a very good shape and therefore, the business will not be affected largely. Social Factors: The social factors are also intricately associated with the business. As this business deals mainly with the elderly persons it is quite essential to address the needs of these persons effectively. These needs may be regarding their social interactions or cultural activities, the staffs of this organization are so trained that they will be able to cater these needs of those individuals quite effectively (Kaskie et al., 2015). Technological factors: Technological factors include using the advanced and appropriate technologies in the business. Such as collecting data about the population distribution more effectively by using newly developed technologies (Kaskie et al., 2015). Analyzing these data on effective and efficient software packages and thereby gathering information about the population distribution. This will specifically be helpful for this business as it deals with customers within a specific age group. Developing a website will inform the management of the company about the number of visitors and therefore determining the number of interested clients. This will in turn help to recognize the business development curve. Environmental factors: Due the increasing awareness about the environmental effects of every business Daddy and Mommys Assisted Living Facility is also concerned about its environmental impacts. The company is strictly follows the green environment guidelines (MaloneBeach Zuo, 2013). It cooks on natural energies so as to reduce depletion of the exhaustible resources. Again the company focuses on the recycling of waste in order to establish a green environment. Legal factors: The business has followed the entire legal framework established in the concerned region. It has obtained the permit and license from the government for continuing the service business effectively and profitably. Again the company is also aware about the recent legal developments so that it can follow every part of it (MaloneBeach Zuo, 2013). For determining the primary and secondary target market the company again makes use of some analytical tools such as the 4Ps, 5Cs and STP (Beeber et al., 2014). This process will be described step by step below, The 4Ps model is concerned about the four main components of the market, Product- The first and foremost component, it can either be tangible good or an intangible service. It this case of the Union Family First the product is service. Price- The price of the service product will be determined by analyzing the pricing strategy of the competitor firms as well as purchasing power of the potential customers (Ilic Cekic, 2014). Promotion- Here the product will be promoted by website advertising, search engine optimization, video marketing to spread awareness among the individuals about the product or service. Place- The place of promotion will those places where the elderly persons visits the most, such as the parks and the areas where the population of elderly people is higher. This will help to attract the potential clients more effectively. According to Ilic and Cekic (2014), the 5Cs model of marketing is as follows, Customer- Determining the needs and desires of the clients appropriate so that these can be catered more effectively. Company- In this stage the market position of the company is examined. This is done by investigating the key strengths and weaknesses of the organization. Competition- This is another crucial part, here the key competitor of the company are identified. Information about their products, strategies, strengths and weaknesses are also determined in this particular stage. Collaborators- Determining and obtaining any help from the third party such as the suppliers or distributors. Context- Determining if there is any limitations because of the political or legal issues. STP or the segmentation, targeting and positioning activity is explained below, In the segmentation process the entire market is divided into a number of segments based on a number of factors such as the purchasing power, age, buying behavior etc. The aim of the company is to select the appropriate segment (Thomas, 2013). After identifying the appropriate segment the organization then targets the segment with its products. Finally in the positioning stage the company decides where to position its product or service in the market. It is the most essential part of the entire STP framework. Based on these tools the primary target audience before the organization are adults aged between 45 to 55. These people are generally earning professionals. A brief will be given to them regarding the health and safety issues of their parents and how this assisted living can improve the mental well beings of their parent (Kisling-Rundgren et al., 2016). The secondary target market will be the people above 70 years of age, they are retired and may be suffering from some health issues but do not require regular treatment. They will again be briefed about their personal health issues and safety conditions. Moreover, the luxurious living they can enjoy in this company. Short term and Long term goals: Short term goals: Goals Measures Increasing the spending on advertisement and promotional activities with every passing month. This will be measured by analyzing the response to advertisement. Increase the revenue of the company in each month by $500 at least. This will be measured by looking at the accounts section of the company. Attract new clients more frequently This is also measurable by analyzing the website visits or phone call received to fetch information about the services and the information contents downloaded from the company website as well. Long term goals: Goals Measures Doubling the revenue of the company by the end of the recent fiscal year The cash analysis will help to measure this. Increase the market share of the company by a significantly large amount i.e., 50% by the end of this fiscal year Studying the market share will help to measure this goal effectively Increase the traffic in the company website by 50% by the end of this current year. This can be measured by analyzing the website visits. SWOT analysis of Union Family First: The SWOT analysis is an analytical tool that analyses the internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats of the company (Kisling-Rundgren et al., 2016). It is described as follows, Strengths: The primary key strength of the company is the well built facility that helps the elderly persons to live as independently as possible if they wishes to do so. Such as more spaces on the lower level drawers, installing liver style door. Walk in style closets not only depict luxury but also help the seniors to examine very easily what they want to wear. The company offers special care for persons with Alzheimer, Dementia or memory loss. All the needs of the residents are catered by trained professional staffs to ensure effectiveness. Weaknesses: Building up of this assisted living facility requires a lot of money, therefore this capital intensiveness may lower the business growth. There is lack of availability of trained workers which sometimes affects the company adversely. The company has to pay higher wages to trained professional due to lack of trained personnel. Pricing strategy of the company may be more effective. Opportunities: There is continuous growth in the aging population in the United States. From the population of the New Jersey it is quite evident that the seniors in this area possess disposable income and therefore it is a good opportunity for the business to attract these people. The company has an onsite pharmacy and doctor on call service it is an added advantage for the company. The visual picturesque around the organization puts the company a few steps ahead from its competitors. Threats: Due to the huge increase in costs the promotional activity for the company is getting expensive day by day. Increasing competition in the concerned region is also a potential threat. Increased legal regulation may impose some barriers to entry in the market. As the seniors and their family may recheck the prices of other companies and shift to other companies, it is also a potential threat for the company. Need Analysis: Needs for Safety: Examine the safety of being alone for 24 hours without supervision Regular contact is needed if it is found unsafe to be alone for 24 hours (Galik et al., 2015). Frequent contact is required and close supervision will be provided. Need for Nutrition: Determine whether able to prepare own meal or not and eats without assistance. Can prepare simple meals/ assistance is required for preparing meals. Unable to cook, assistance required for eating. Need for Mobility: Can move independently Occasional assistance is needed for moving about (Abbott et al., 2012) Complete assistance is required for moving Mental Needs: Normal mental condition and able to identify all the environmental needs. May occasionally forget something. Sometimes cannot identify the needs. Assistance is required all the time. Feasibility Analysis; According to the US Census Bureau data, the population of the individuals between the age group of 65 to 84 is estimated to increase by 38.8% from 2010 to 2020. Moreover, the population above age 85 is expected to increase by 18.7%. Therefore, this will create a business opportunity for the Assisted Living facility industry (Chao et al., 2013). Union Family First on the other hand will be able to gain competitive advantage because of its well equipped rooms and other convenient facilities along with the professional and well trained nurses. The elderly persons will feel homely and comfortable at this place; therefore from this aspect as well this business plan seems to be feasible for the company. Reference List Abbott, K. M., Bettger, J. P., Hampton, K., Kohler, H. P. (2012). Exploring the use of social network analysis to measure social integration among older adults in assisted living.Family community health,35(4), 322-333. Beeber, A. S., Zimmerman, S., Reed, D., Mitchell, C. M., Sloane, P. D., Harris Wallace, B., ... Schumacher, J. G. (2014). Licensed nurse staffing and health service availability in residential care and assisted living.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,62(5), 805-811. Chao, Y. Y., Scherer, Y. K., Wu, Y. W., Lucke, K. T., Montgomery, C. A. (2013). The feasibility of an intervention combining self-efficacy theory and Wii Fit exergames in assisted living residents: A pilot study.Geriatric Nursing,34(5), 377-382. Galik, E., Resnick, B., Lerner, N., Hammersla, M., Gruber-Baldini, A. L. (2015). Function focused care for assisted living residents with dementia.The Gerontologist,55(Suppl 1), S13-S26. Goto, S., Park, B. J., Tsunetsugu, Y., Herrup, K., Miyazaki, Y. (2013). The effect of garden designs on mood and heart output in older adults residing in an assisted living facility.HERD: Health Environments Research Design Journal,6(2), 27-42. Grabowski, D. C., Stevenson, D. G., Cornell, P. Y. (2012). Assisted living expansion and the market for nursing home care.Health services research,47(6), 2296-2315. Greeley, R. (2016). Characterization of Healthcare Associated Cases of LegionellosisNew Jersey 2010-2015. In2016 CSTE Annual Conference. Cste. Ilic, M., Cekic, N. (2014). Contemporary problems of planning and development of elderly care facilities.Facta Universitatis, Series: Architecture and Civil Engineering, 69-79. Johnson, J. A., McIlroy, W. E., Roy, E., Papaioannou, A., Thabane, L., Giangregorio, L. (2013). Feasibility study of walking for exercise in individuals living in assisted living settings.Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy,36(4), 175-181. Kaskie, B. P., Nattinger, M., Potter, A. (2015). Policies to protect persons with dementia in assisted living: deja vu all over again?.The Gerontologist,55(2), 199-209. Kisling, A., Paul, D. P., Coustasse, A. (2015). Assisted living: Trends in Cost and Staffing. Kisling-Rundgren, A., Paul III, D. P., Coustasse, A. (2016). Costs, Staffing, and Services of Assisted Living in the United States: A Literature Review.The health care manager,35(2), 156-163. Kossover, R. A., Chi, C. J., Wise, M. E., Tran, A. H., Chande, N. D., Perz, J. F. (2014). Infection prevention and control standards in assisted living facilities: Are residents' needs being met?.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association,15(1), 47-53. Liu, X. (2013). A feasibility study of multifamily and assisted living facility development on Sleep Train Arena site. MaloneBeach, E. E., Zuo, Q. (2013). Environmental Sustainability in US Assisted Living Facilities.Journal of Housing For the Elderly,27(3), 255-275. Thomas, K. S. (2013). The relationship between Older Americans Act in-home services and low-care residents in nursing homes.Journal of aging and health, 0898264313513611.

Coffee Planet Strategic Management

Introduction Coffee Planet is a United Arab Emirates (UAE) company that runs a roaster for coffee beans and sells coffee drinks and other beverage in its coffee shops located throughout the UAE. The business has all its operations in the UAE and operates from Dubai serving customers from different nationalities that are traveling to the country or living in it.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Coffee Planet Strategic Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company seeks to disrupt the status of the coffee shop business in the Middle East, starting with the UAE. Its mission is to make the coffee landscape exciting, beginning with the process of making coffee and then coming up with amazing blends that offer a new coffee enrichment value to customers (Coffee Planet para. 1-4). The objective of the Coffee Planet’s coffee roaster is to ensure that coffee experts are in charge of the making coffee sold to customers. The business has to deliver its unique flavor to every customer buying its roasted coffee. Therefore, its operational objectives are to sustain the quality of the flavor of the roasted coffee, according to the secret formula used to define the Coffee Planet brand. Another objective is to make sure that the coffee is delivered conveniently to customers in a simple to use and access way. Thus, the business has to manage a number of retail distribution networks to make sure that there is fresh, high-quality coffee on demand for customers at non-conventional coffee outlets, such as fuel stations and other places where people stop for refreshments. Currently, the business is relying on a fresh milk coffee machine that allows it to mix the perfect blend of coffee, according to its secret formula. It enables the business to provide excellent gourmet coffee at all fuel stations in the Middle East, which has been the business model responsible for the growth of the company from its roots in Dubai, the UAE. As for performance, there is a sales threshold that should be met daily and monthly by the individual fresh milk coffee machines. The advanced technology system used by the business must also support other operations, especially roasting to ensure that there is sufficient coffee inventory to meet fluctuations in demand in different regions. At the same time, the customer relations handling in the business has to work correctly at ensuring that the Coffee Planet brand continues to grow the reputation of being unique and exciting.  Coffee Planet supplies coffee to fuel stations located throughout the UAE using its special delivery machines. It also provides coffee to hotels, restaurants, and catering companies that are interested in delivering the exciting brand to their customers.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company seeks to dominate t he coffee business in Dubai and the rest of the UAE by having its coffee as the main input for many coffee drinks served at various locations. Other than the UAE, the company is also serving Oman, Malaysia, and Holland markets. Typically, the company concentrates on delivering coffee on the go and is not in direct competition with businesses that sell their coffee through dedicated coffee shops. Currently, the company has more than 10,000 repeat customers in the UAE. The biggest deliverable for its operations is the quality of the coffee it sells to consumers. 5P Model for Coffee Planet Product – the ground coffee delivered to various clients and outlets where the coffee is mixed with milk to provide coffee drinks to customers is the product sold by Coffee Planet. The convenience of getting gourmet coffee of the best quality is also a service that the company provides. Promotion – the company relies on its brand visibility in many of its outlets located in fuel station s as one way of promoting the brand. Price – the coffee is priced as premium coffee, which is competitive compared to the rival products of other businesses and in agreement with the prevailing costs of production. Place – the coffee by Coffee Planets sells at fuel stations across the UAE, and in various airlines, restaurants and hotels. It also sells to other countries in the Middle East and North Africa region under the same distribution framework. Process of conversion Business processes for Coffee Planet include the sourcing of Arabica coffee from markets around the world where the bean grows. Coffee Planet proceeds to roast the beans after the purchase of sorted beans, according to desired quality grades. The primary inputs of operation include the beans being roasted as raw materials and other beans, roasted or partially roasted for use as part of the blending process.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Coffee Planet Strategic Management spec ifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Blending helps in introducing new flavors into the coffee production chain. Production moves to the quality analysis stage after the process. A sample of every production batch is taken for testing to ensure that it has a consistent taste, texture and feel, as specified in its brand qualities. After meeting the minimum thresholds of quality, the coffee is certified for brewing and enjoying. Physical layout of the process flow The process of coffee production begins with loading of coffee beans from bags to roaster machines. The machines are then set according to temperature, oxygen levels, and duration of roasting to start the roasting process. The roasted beans are delivered for sorting and selection for brewing or packing. Brewing is done according to different flavor standards, which are then distributed to the dispensing machines located in fuel stations throughout the country and other markets. Beside s the coffee, the business also sources cups that are branded with its logo used to take coffee from the point of sale machines. With the roasting plant, there are separate rooms for storage and conveyance of the coffee to the loading area for roasting. The utility relies on tubular conveying systems from the loading point to the roast point. Beans are unloaded from sacks onto the roasting machine, where they are moved through centrifugal mixers to direct the flow of different beans at various roasting options. There are flavoring stages located separately from the roasters, which help to avoid contamination and ensure high quality of beans and coffee output prevails. Grinding happens separately for flavoring. After flavoring, the packing parts of the plant handle the different flavors. Workers then move the packaged products for storage, awaiting sale and delivery to coffee outlets. Business relies on dedicated packaging equipment to limit the time wasted when switching from one fl avor to another. The plant layout is created in a way that ensures there is no contamination of flavors as different semi-processed and fully processed coffee products do not mix and are stored separately to avoid aroma contamination. The warehousing section of packaged products is isolated and linked to transport outlets for movement through road transport. Overall, the physical parts of the roasting process layout are the green bean storage areas, roaster, cooling equipment area, blending area, packaging equipment area, and warehousing area.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Parameters followed in designing the layout include the need to keep beans in shape, need to prevent a mix of aromas and flavors, need to prevent pollution, and need to make sorting easy and production scheduling easy. Nature of capacity of the operation At the roasting stage, the volume of beans roasted and the time taken to roast beans to medium roast or other roast levels affect the overall duration of the process. Attention to detail is a requirement because any excessive roasting destroys a particular output. The output of roasting coffee beans is noted by the color of the roasted beans, and the roasting plant allows inspections to check the progress at every stage. Coffee Planet has the largest premium UTZ-certified roastery in the UAE region. The company has a coffee expert tasked with the identification of the best quality coffee from various source markets around the world. The expert inspects coffee plantations, washing stations, and coffee mills to identify the supply cha in processes that are responsible for delivering the best quality coffee beans to the Coffee Planet roastery in Dubai (Coffee Planet para. 1- 3). With a talented roastmaster, Coffee Planet can ensure that its production process follows all delicate procedures with consistent checks done, including the cupping stage and the brewing phase. Besides, the company has a coffee laboratory that allows it to seek the best parameters for roasting and blending of different types of coffee beans sourced from suppliers around the world. The laboratory ensures that all coffee types bought by the company eventually yield their preferred flavors and fragrances when roasted.  Coffee Planet has a USD 2 million roastery in the Gulfood expo in Dubai that is capable of producing more than 160 tons of premium Arabica coffee monthly. Initially, the business was able to serve about 4 million cups of coffee annually. The company is now able to serve 6 million cups annually, an indication that it meets a g oal of serving coffee every five seconds. The local roasting process has been in existence since 2008 (â€Å"Coffee Planet Unveils $2m Roastery† para. 3-5). Operation planning process As the company grows to serve additional markets beyond the UAE and increases the number of its gourmet coffee dispensing machines within the UAE, it has to increase its capacity to roast and serve coffee. Therefore, one of the numbers used for planning is the forecast for the demand in various market sectors. The company has been able to grow its capacity of roasting gradually from five tons per month in 2008 to more than 45 tons per month currently. Other than looking at the current demand for coffee, the company also considers the current global production capacity and the projected growth of coffee markets around the world. It uses the global figures to estimate the price of coffee and its impact on production efficiency. Currently, the company seeks to capitalize on the growth of coffee con sumption throughout the Arabic region. It uses the data to make decisions on boosting its capacity and surpassing quality coffee levels limits in various markets that it serves. The company is also actively looking for additional delivery channels that have significant traffic. For example, it now offers manned kiosks in events to supplement its automatic dispensing machines for gourmet coffee located at fuel stations around the country. Scheduling of work Roasting happens in batches, with employees overseeing each batch process. The loaders of coffee into coffee machines work in tandem with operators of coffee roasters to ensure a smooth production process. The machines are not left idle during the loading time as they are already roasting previously loaded beans. Meanwhile, the packaging processes or brewing processes continue concurrently with the roasting. Operations continue throughout a working day with scheduled stops. Meanwhile, order processes consider the demand for differ ent outlets belonging to Coffee Planet as well as orders from customers such as hotels and airlines. There are also single-serve capsules produced by the company, and their production and stocking is similar to that of other coffee. However, the production follows demand such that production temporarily stops when stock inventory is full. Inventory management After packaging and warehousing, the company has to consider its daily demand for 15,000 cups of coffee and the expected growth of the demand. Therefore, inventory in its warehouse is more than the daily demand for servings, but only slightly. Dispensing machines also have a stock option that allows them to be refilled periodically. The company runs regional stores for serving its outlets, and they have a capacity for holding stock enough for a full refill cycle of every store within the region. On the other hand, green beans are sourced and stored based on the monthly targets for roasting. It is informed by the time needed to procure and transport beans from their respective harvest and auction areas to Dubai at the roasting facility. The ability to store beans and keep them fresh before roasting also informs the company of its preferred green beans inventory levels. Procurement and delivery All inputs in the coffee business follow good sustainable practices. With an UTZ certification, the company ensures that its sourced coffee has beneficial elements along the supply chain all the way to the coffee farmer. The business also uses the certification obligations as part of its quest to trace all the beans to their origin. One of the minimum standards that suppliers must adhere to is the delivery of beans grown at altitudes of at least 1700 meters above sea level. The company relies on third-party transport solutions for delivery. Analysis of Performance The fundamental dimensions of manufacturing performance are available through a review of quality, delivery reliability, delivery speed, price or cost of p roduction, and flexibility. Flexibility can refer to the ability of a form varying its production volume or the ability to introduce new products rapidly. The following are the operations output parameters that Coffee Planet seeks to achieve. The output has to be of a higher quality than the non-ground coffee and must meet customer expectations of ground coffee. The products packaged or distributed in the wholesale, and retail markets must remain fresh for the entire time of distribution. The company requires the flexibility of increasing production to meet changes in demand in a short period and introduce new products. The current volume must be able to meet its share of the local and regional market and provide a 10 to 15 percent room for growth. The roasting facility and packaging facilities have to work as scheduled to meet demand and ensure consistency of high-quality coffee. Table 1: Table summarizing operations system performance of Coffee Planet Industry Coffee Planet Rem arks 150 concessions (in year 2011) Good 7,156 tons (current annual demand for ground coffee) 160-ton monthly roasting capacity Enough room for flexibility in production 10,000 cups (year 2013 daily retail servings) Good 25 % discount on internal brand prices for Coffee Planet wholesale market pricing Enough room for price flexibility Increased awareness and demand of high quality ground coffee Consistency in quality of coffee and use of fair trade practices The strategy will ensure Coffee Planet sustains its market share and growth 13% (projected annual increase in total demand for ground coffee in UAE) Distribution joint venture with Ahmed Hassan Bilal Trading (Year 2015) Sufficient capacity and flexibility in meeting customer demand Effectiveness of operations process According to Divecha (para. 1), Coffee Planet has sufficient space at its production center at Gulfood, Dubai to expand and meet the growing demand. It shows that the company can achieve the flexib ility required to introduce new products quickly or increase the volume of the production of the current product. The roaster and central packaging area are located in an economic zone in Dubai. It allows the company to tap into other distribution resources for getting raw inputs and sending output to various destinations in the region. The packaging options of the hotel enable it to serve single service machines that are usually in hotels, as well as the multiple serving machines used in hotels and its outlets. The flexibility produced by the different packaging options also improves the effectiveness of the company as it can use the same delivery and distribution channels to move various products to cater to single customers or groups of customers. The company is relying on a joint venture partnership with Ahmed Hassan Bilal Trading for distribution to ensure that it sufficiently increases its brand presence throughout the region. Collaborating with a shipping expert company will ensure that Coffee Planet can concentrate more on delivering high-quality coffee to its clients. It will also ensure that there are no quality compromises, and customer satisfaction mistakes encountered in the course of distribution (Divecha para. 3-5). The company has transitioned successfully from a local focus to a regional and international attention. The roasting capacity has increased due to investment in bigger and more efficient roasting equipment and accompanying packaging options. The company’s business model also allows it to embrace different distribution channels concurrently, which enables it to enjoy agility that makes its fast and responsive to market trend changes. With a big distribution partnership, it is also to maintain a low cost of distribution and sustain its profit margins, which are essential for its growth.  Coffee Planet can meet is production output goals because it has an elaborate network. It is also following market trends, where coffee consu mers are showing increased signs of preference for a brew made from fresh-roasted beans. Therefore, the ability of Coffee Planet to dominate the production chain, from roasting of green coffee beans to delivering brewed coffee in specialized serving machines to customers is a competitive advantage. The company succeeds because of its quality assurance program that ensures the consistency of coffee flavor is the same. Therefore, part of the success comes from the process management at the company while another part is due to the growing demand and the limited number of suppliers. Overall, Coffee Planet is succeeding because of a concentration of future demand and present efficiency improvements. Location targeting for its outlets and business partnerships with various big hotel and airline companies is also a strategy that helps ensure there is the consistent delivery of coffee to target clients and a sustainable growth of the enterprise.  Coffee Planet can meet the local demand fo r coffee easily amid its growth with its production capacity of 160 tons of Arabica coffee monthly. The demand was 7,156 tons in 2014, which was 11% higher than the demand for 2013. Sales of ground coffee in the market increased by 13% in the previous year, while the current distribution deal with Ahmed Hassan Bilal Trading and the roasting facility in Dubai will ensure Coffee Planet continues to exceed its demand without significantly investing in production and distribution capacity in the short-term (Jones para. 11-18). Pricing of coffee is also another factor that helps ensure the business remains sustainable and can meet its output consistently. The company can charge premium practices and justify its fair trade practices along its coffee supply chain, as the biggest coffee roaster in the UAE with a business model catering to retail and wholesale markets. The company can meet meticulous customer demands due to its attention to detail at every level of production and packaging. It has 150 concessions in petrol stations and can deliver more than 10,000 servings of coffee daily of the same quality by relying on its investment in technology. Consistency also ensures that customers continue trusting the brand and recommending it to other potential clients, which goes on to increase demand to match projections and production schedules by the company. Lastly, the business succeeds because it does not rely on cost-saving strategies, but it works for the best quality delivery options available and meeting increasing demand. This procedure ensures that there are choices made regarding the capacity and quality of service or product delivery for every incremental investment in the business. Eventually, large capacity in both production and distribution has allowed Coffee Planet to have an advantage in its pricing, where it offers a 25 percent discount on wholesale prices compared to international offerings. Overall, there are no areas where operations at Coffee Plane t fail in delivery. The discussion above has highlighted the main reasons for success and areas where operations are succeeding (â€Å"Coffee Planet: The Sell – Becoming a Coffee Planet Franchisee† 2-7). Recommendations With the partnership for distribution with Ahmed Hassan Bilal Trading, Coffee Planet should to be prepared to handle overhead costs that arise out of the need to have additional control of its distribution quality to ensure that coffee delivered to customers is fresh. Besides the concessions at fuel stations, the company should consider drive in outlets that allow customers to have alternative ways of serving its customers. The company should also continue with its training programs to ensure that workers can meet quality expectations and succeed in doing the business as a one-stop shop for coffee. The need for franchising will increase as the company grows, which will increase the complexities of operations. Retaining the roasting process under the mai n company and the raw material and packaging processes within the parent company will be a good way to sustain the agility of its operations amid fluctuations in demand. Works Cited â€Å"Coffee Planet Unveils $2m Roastery.† TradeArabia, 2011. Web. Coffee Planet 2015. Web. Coffee Planet: The Sell – Becoming a Coffee Planet Franchisee 2015. Web. Divecha, D. â€Å"Coffee Planet Celebrates 10 Years Amidst Expansion.† Hotelier Middle East,  2015. Web. Jones, R. â€Å"Coffee Rookies Hopes to Roast Rivals in the UAE.† The National Business,  2011. Web. This report on Coffee Planet Strategic Management was written and submitted by user Sp1der-Ham to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Economic Performance of the UAE

The Economic Performance of the UAE The aim of this paper was to analyze the economic performance of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). In particular, the paper focused on the effect of the decline in economic growth rate in 2012 and the fiscal policy that can be implemented to boost economic growth. The IMF predicted a reduction in economic growth of the country from 4.9% in 2011 to 2.3% in 2012. The country’s limited capacity to increase oil production is one of the factors that were expected to cause the decline in economic growth.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Economic Performance of the United Arab Emirates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The findings of this paper indicate that the reduction of economic growth rate would reduce the country’s real output and increase unemployment in the long-run. Consequently, the government should implement an expansionary fiscal policy in order to stimulate economic growth. Moreover, the gover nment should focus on controlling the inflation and the crowding-out effect associated with expansionary fiscal policy. Summary of the Article According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the expansion rate of the economy of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) was expected to reduce from 4.9% in 2011 to 2.3% in 2012. The reduction was attributed to the country’s inability to increase its oil production. Nonetheless, the economy was expected to maintain its recovery. The 2009-2010 Dubai debt crisis adversely affected the country’s property industry. Consequently, Dubai World, which is a state-owned corporation, had to restructure its debts that were worth twenty five billion dollars. Nonetheless, the country was able to survive the crisis due to favorable oil prices and improved trade with Asia. According to the IMF, the uncertainty of the performance of the world economy was a threat to UAE’s forecasted growth. Concisely, continued decline in the performance o f the world economy would limit the ability of UAE’s state-owned corporations to replace their maturing debts with new ones. Despite the efforts made to restructure the debts, most state-owned corporations still required high refinancing. The IMF also believed that the government’s decision to consolidate fiscal policy was right. Explanation of the Article based on AD-AS Model The economy of the UAE as described in the article can be explained in the framework of the aggregate demand (AD) and aggregate supply (AS) model. The model is made of up of three curves namely, the â€Å"aggregate demand curve (AD), the short run aggregate supply curve (SAS) and the long run supply curve (LAS)† (Rossana 81). Figure 1 shows the short run equilibrium of the economy of the UAE. Aggregate demand includes consumption by private economic entities, investments, government expenditure, and net exports (Chamberlin, Linda and Yueh 241). In this regard, the factors that will cause a shift in the AD curve of UAE’s economy include foreign income, income distribution, and fiscal policy, as well as, anticipations concerning future output and prices.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Foreign income refers to the income earned in UAE’s major trading partners such as the United States of America, Europe, and Asian countries. According to the article, the recovery of the global economy is uncertain. This implies that foreign income will reduce if the global economy continues to deteriorate. Thus, the demand for UAE’s exports such as oil will reduce. As a result, the earnings of UAE’s exporting firms will decrease. This partly explains why the state-linked firms will not be able to rollover their debts if the performance of the global economy worsens. Overall, the decline in foreign income will cause the AD curve to shift to the left from AD0 to AD1, thereby reducing real output from Y0 to Y1. Following IMF’s prediction of economic decline, producers expect demand for their products to reduce in future. Thus, they will reduce investments and production in order to avoid the losses associated with high variable costs and low demand (Rossana 126). Similarly, consumers will associate the expected economic decline with reduced future earnings. Thus, they are likely to reduce consumption in order to save for the future. Consequently, the AD curve will shift to the left from AD0 to AD1, whereas real output will reduce from Y0 to Y1. As firms reduce investments and production in response to the expected economic decline, the â€Å"distribution of income from profit earners to wage earners is likely to worsen† (Minford and Peel 329). Generally, wage earners allocate a larger portion of their income to consumption than profit earners. Thus, allocation of income in favor of profit earners rather th an wage earners will move the AD curve to the left. Finally, the government’s plan to consolidate fiscal policy is likely to involve a reduction in public expenditure. This will lower aggregate demand, thereby shifting the AD curve to the left. The SAS illustrates the response of prices and real output to changes in aggregate demand in the short run (Romer 415). UAE’s short run supply curve will shift due to changes in productivity. The expected economic decline will lead to reduced productivity, thereby shifting the SAS curve in figure 2 to the left from SAS0 to SAS1.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Economic Performance of the United Arab Emirates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Additionally, real output will reduce from Y0 to Y1. If the global economy continues to deteriorate, the prices of UAE’s exports will decline. This will discourage production among exporters, thereby reducing aggr egate supply. Thus, the SAS curve will shift to the left. The expected decline in economic growth will cause the aggregate supply curve and the aggregate demand curve to shift to the left. These shifts are associated with a reduction in real output from Y0 to Y1. As a result, the short run equilibrium of the country’s economy will shift from E0 to E1. Description of the Economic Situation of the Market The expected decline in economic growth will affect both the goods and factor markets. In the goods market, the economic decline can have positive effects for consumers. This is because inflation usually declines when economic growth reduces (Rossana 112). Concisely, economic decline reduces demand for goods and services. Thus, producers and sellers are likely to reduce the prices of their products in order to stimulate demand and to clear their stock of manufactured goods, thereby reducing inflation. In this case, the consumers will have a higher purchasing power than they had before the reduction of the prices. On the contrary, the price reductions will affect the producers negatively. This is because it will reduce their profit margins. In addition, some producers might sell their goods at a loss. The expected economic decline will also affect prices in the factor market. As profits reduce, companies are likely to implement cost-cutting measures such as reducing their workforce. Moreover, companies are likely to reduce their investments in new equipment or borrowing in order to expand their operations (Minford and Peel 215). In this regard, factor prices will fall. For example, wage rates are likely to reduce as companies layoff their employees. Similarly, interest rates, which is the cost of financial capital is likely to reduce as demand for loans declines. The reduction in factor prices will benefit producers by lowering their costs of production. Nonetheless, it will negatively affect suppliers of factors of production. For example, low wage rates will reduce workers’ disposable income and purchasing power. The Right Fiscal Policy Fiscal policy refers to the use of â€Å"government expenditure, taxation, and borrowing to influence the level of aggregate demand, output, and jobs in an economy† (Chamberlin, Linda and Yueh 197). Fiscal policy enables the government to influence the pattern of expenditure and income distribution in its economy.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, Keynesians believe that fiscal policy has a great impact on consumption, productivity, and job creation in an economy that has an excess capacity. Thus, the government of the UAE should implement an expansionary fiscal policy in order to prevent a recession. An expansionary fiscal policy refers to â€Å"the increase in government expenditure and or a decrease in taxes that usually results into an increase in budget deficit or a reduction in budget surplus† (Chamberlin, Linda and Yueh 210). Justification for Implementing Expansionary Fiscal Policy An expansionary fiscal policy should be implemented because it will enable the government to reverse the economic decline. Concisely, the policy will spur economic growth by stimulating consumption and demand. The unemployment rate in the UAE increased from 3% in 2008 to 4.2% in 2012 (Nyarko 4-15). On the contrary, the country’s inflation rate was as low as 0.7% in 2012. The increase in unemployment rate, low inflation, and the expected reduction in GDP growth suggest that the economy is operating below its potential output. The government can push the country’s real output back to its near potential level by implementing an expansionary fiscal policy that involves an increase in public spending. Government â€Å"expenditure is one of the components of aggregate demand† (Rossana 47). Thus increasing it will result into an increase in aggregate demand. Figure 3 shows the effect of an expansionary fiscal policy on real output. According to figure 3, a rise in aggregate demand due to an increase in spending by the government will move the AD curve to the right from AD0 to AD1. Consequently, the country’s real output will increase from Y0 to Yp. In this case, Yp is the potential output. As the economy moves towards its potential output, the rate of GDP growth is likely to increase. How the Expansionary Fiscal Policy will affect the Economy First, the policy will lead to increased e conomic growth, thereby improving earnings in the private and public sector. Concisely, firms are likely to increase investments and to employ more people in order to increase their production in response to the expected increase in aggregate demand (Rossana 233). In this regard, increased productivity will raise firm profits and the incomes earned by workers. The government can also create employment through the expansionary fiscal policy. For example, it can create thousands of jobs in the construction industry by constructing new roads and schools. Second, an expansionary fiscal policy is likely to be inflationary. Figure 3 shows that prices will increase from P0 to P1 as real output increases after the implementation of the expansionary fiscal policy. A sharp increase in inflation is not desirable because it will reverse the benefits of the economic growth. Concisely, a high inflation reduces consumers’ purchasing power. Thus, aggregate demand will reduce if wages are not raised in response to the increase in inflation (Minford and Peel 316). Similarly, a high inflation will raise the prices of inputs, thereby increasing production costs. If the producers are able to pass the high costs of production to consumers, the prices of various goods and services will increase, thereby reducing demand. However, producers will have to absorb the high costs of production if they cannot share them with the consumers. In this case, firm profits will reduce in response to the high production costs. Nonetheless, the inflationary effect is not likely to be severe because the country’s inflation in 2012 was less than 1% (World Bank). Countries can increase their economic growth rate and create employment as long as they maintain a single digit inflation rate (Rossana 102). Thus, the inflation associated with the expansionary fiscal policy is not likely to be detrimental if it is less than 10%. Third, the expansionary fiscal policy is likely to increase UAEâ⠂¬â„¢s public debt if it is financed through borrowing. In 2012, the country’s public debt as a percentage of its GDP was 40%. Thus, the country is likely to fall into a debt trap if it continues to increase its public debt. A debt trap is a situation in which the government has to borrow in order to pay the interests charged on its existing debts. Countries that have fallen into debt traps often have poor credit ratings due to their limited ability to repay their loans. Thus, a low credit rating will limit the country’s ability to access capital from foreign lenders such as the IMF. High public debt is also not desirable because it involves a redistribution of income from taxpayers to holders of government debt securities (Romer 516). In this regard, it is likely to redistribute income from low-income earners who pay taxes to the rich who invest in government bonds. This is because the interests on government bonds are paid through taxes. Fourth, an expansionary fisca l policy is likely to have a crowding-out effect in the economy if it is implemented through a large deficit spending. In this case, the government will have to borrow a large amount of financial capital from the public in order to implement the policy. Conceptually, the government will be competing with private firms for capital. Consequently, interest rates will increase, thereby limiting the ability of private firms to access credit through the financial and capital markets. The government will have to increase taxes in order to repay the funds borrowed from the public. High taxes in the medium run will reduce consumers’ disposable income (Minford and Peel 117). The resulting reduction in consumption and demand, as well as, limited access to capital will lead to reduced investments. Thus, economic growth will decline. The Fiscal Policy Tools The tools that should be used to implement expansionary fiscal policy are increased government spending and tax cuts. Increased gover nment expenditure can be implemented in the following was. First, the government can increase its transfer payments. This involves increasing expenditure on social security programs such as unemployment benefit, state pension, and grants to students. Transfer payments ensure that every citizen has access to some minimum regular income (Minford and Peel 391). Transfer payments will improve the purchasing power of the poor, thereby increasing aggregate demand and economic growth. Second, the government can expand its current budget on recurrent expenditure. This involves increasing expenditure on public goods such as education and health care. In this regard, the government can increase employment in the education and health sector by hiring more teachers and nurses respectively. Additionally, the government can improve the salaries of workers in the sectors that provide public goods. Provision of public goods also involves expenditure on consumables such as stationery. Thus, aggregat e demand is likely to increase as the government increases its expenditure on public goods. This will lead to improved economic growth. Finally, government expenditure can be increased through capital spending. This involves increasing investments on infrastructure such roads, schools, and hospitals. Capital spending has a great effect on aggregate demand and supply because it stimulates high consumption. For example, construction of new roads will increase demand in the industries that supply construction materials. In addition, construction projects usually create thousands of employment opportunities. This will help the country to address the problem of persistent unemployment. Taxes can be direct or indirect. Direct taxes are charged on employment income and profits. Indirect taxes are levied on spending. They include value added tax (VAT) and excise duties on goods such as petrol. Most residents of the UAE do not pay personal income tax. Nonetheless, corporate tax is charged in most of the emirates. For example, nearly all companies in Dubai pay taxes on their earnings. In Dubai, corporate tax can be as high as 55% (Nyarko 4-15). Generally, most emirates levy corporate taxes on foreign oil companies, petrochemical firms, and foreign banks. These companies pay up to 55% of their operating profits as income tax to the government. Even though most residents of the UAE are exempted from income tax, they usually pay several indirect taxes. For example, municipal taxes of between 5% and 10% are usually levied on revenue generated from entertainment services, hotel operations, and commercial premises (Nyarko 4-15). In addition, most imported goods are subject to an import duty of up to 5%. Thus, the government can still implement the expansionary fiscal policy by reducing indirect taxes that are levied on consumption. For example, a reduction of taxes on entertainment and hotel rooms can lower the cost of staying in hotels. Consequently, hotel occupancy will inc rease, thereby raising the income of hotel owners and securing jobs in the hotel and restaurant industry. In addition, the government can reduce the corporate taxes that are paid by foreign oil and bank companies in order to improve their earnings. Lower taxes will enable these companies to allocate a better part of their earnings to investments rather than paying taxes. This will increase their productivity, thereby promoting economic growth. Impact of the Fiscal Policy Tools in the Economy Increased Government Expenditure Increased government spending will benefit the economy in the following ways. First, capital spending will lead to an increase in the total assets of the state. In particular, it will lead to expansion of the infrastructure that is necessary for the growth of businesses in the country. For example, the expansion of roads and railway systems will improve efficiency in transportation. The resulting reduction in the cost of transportation will reduce the overall cos t of producing goods and services in the economy. According to figure 4, a reduction in the cost of production shifts the aggregate supply curve downwards, thereby increasing real output from Y1 to Y2. This shows that investments on infrastructure that support economic activities will lead to high economic growth. Furthermore, foreign direct investments are likely to increase if capital spending is used to expand the country’s infrastructure. For example, more airlines are likely to operate form Dubai if its airport is expanded. This will create more jobs and spur economic growth through increased consumption. Second, provision of public goods and services such as education and health care will have positive supply-side effects in the economy by improving the quality of the country’s human capital. For example, funding higher education through grants to students will enable more people to improve their technical skills. People with high academic qualifications are like ly to be highly productive because they have the knowledge and skills that are necessary for achieving innovation (Al-Khateeb, Darrat and Elkhal 297-306). Similarly, spending on youth apprenticeship programs will enable fresh graduates to gain adequate job experience, thereby improving their employability. Concisely, it will enable the government to improve the competitiveness of the youth in the job market in order to reduce unemployment in the country. Similarly, expenditure in the health care sector will improve the health status of the citizens, thereby improving their productivity. Third, expanding social safety net programs is an effective way of improving the incomes of the poorest people in the country. By 2012, nearly 10% of the population of the United Arab Emirates was living in poverty (World Bank). Improving the income of the population living in poverty through transfer payments will boost consumption. The resulting increase in demand for goods and services will encour age producers to increase their output through new investments. Transfer payments are also a means of income and wealth redistribution in the economy. This is because transfer payment programs are financed through taxes, which are often paid by the rich. The benefit of redistributing income from the rich to the poor is that it enhances equality in the economy. Additionally, reducing income disparity reduces the chances of social unrests, which can hinder productivity and economic growth. Tax Cuts Tax cuts will affect the economy in the following ways. To begin with, reducing corporate tax will enhance investment in the economy. The oil and gas sector contributes approximately 31.3% of the GDP of the United Arab Emirates (Nyarko 4-15). Nonetheless, companies in this industry, especially, the foreign ones pay nearly 55% of their operating profits as taxes. This reduces the amount of funds that firms in the industry can allocate to investments and expansion. According to the article, r educed production in the oil and gas industry is one the factors that were expected to slow the country’s economic growth. However, productivity in the industry can be improved by lowering taxes in order to enable firms to allocate a large portion of their earnings to investments. For instance, firms in the industry can focus on oil exploration, thereby increasing the country’s oil and gas output. Any small increase in productivity in the oil and gas industry is likely to have a great multiplier effect in the economy. This is because the industry employs thousands of people and supplies oil, which is the main source of energy for production in the country. Lowering taxes is also likely to attract foreign direct investments in the country. Foreign investors often invest in countries that provide tax incentives so that they can improve their earnings. An increase in foreign direct investments will have a powerful demand-side effect in the economy. Concisely, the consumpt ions associated with new investments by foreign investors will increase the demand for various goods and services in the economy. The increase in demand will encourage producers to increase their output, thereby increasing the country’s GDP (Rossana 88). Finally, reducing the level of compulsory pension contribution will improve the purchasing power of the citizens. Concisely, a reduction of the compulsory contributions will enable the citizens to have a high disposable income, which will enable them to purchase more goods and services. Impact on Macroeconomic Indicators The article highlights three important macroeconomic factors, which have implications for the country. These include the expected reduction in GDP growth, planned fiscal consolidation, and uncertain performance of the world economy and financial markets. These factors will affect the country’s unemployment and output in the following ways. Output The forecasted reduction in economic growth means that t he country’s output (measured by GDP) expanded at a slower rate in 2012 than in the previous year. Expectations concerning future decline in economic activity usually influence production decisions. Producers and investors associate a reduction in the rate of economic growth with a decline in profits or corporate earnings (Romer 477). Thus, they are likely to reduce their output in response to the expected decline in demand as the economy slows down. In this regard, expectations of a decline in future earnings will lower the country’s output. The country’s output is also likely to decline if the global economic environment continues to deteriorate. Concisely, poor performance of the world economy will reduce the demand for the country’s main exports such as oil. Thus, UAE’s exporters will reduce their output in response to the low demand for their products. Similarly, uncertainty in the global financial environment will limit the ability of UAEâ₠¬â„¢s firms to access credit from foreign markets. This will limit investments and reduce the country’s output. Fiscal consolidation involves implementing strategies that enable the government to reduce its budget deficit and overall public debt (Rossana 121). Thus, fiscal consolidation involves a reduction in public spending by the government. Reducing government expenditure is essentially a contractionary fiscal policy. According to figure 5, a reduction in government spending will cause a shift in the aggregate demand curve to the left, thereby reducing real output from Y0 to Y1. Thus, fiscal consolidation is likely to reduce the country’s output. Unemployment Unemployment is a lagging macroeconomic indicator because it usually takes time to respond to a change in GDP growth. Thus, the country’s unemployment rate may not change significantly in the short run as the economy slows down. Reducing the workforce in response to falling demand and hiring new employe es as economic activity improves usually involves high costs. Thus, firms are likely to retain their employees in the short run even if the rate of GDP growth is reducing. In this case, the unemployment rate may not increase by a big margin. Okun’s law suggests a negative long run relationship between unemployment and GDP growth (Chamberlin, Linda and Yueh 245). Thus, if the country’s economic decline persists for a long time, unemployment rate will increase. This is because firms will opt to reduce their workforce in order to avoid high fixed costs. According to Okun’s law, the rate at which new jobs are created depends on the rate of GDP growth. Thus, a reduction in the growth of the country’s GDP will slow the rate at which new jobs are created. Hence, the problem of high unemployment will persist. Conclusion The IMF expected the rate of GDP growth in the UAE to decline from 4.9% in 2011 to 2.3% in 2012. This decline was attributed to the countryâ€⠄¢s limited capacity to increase oil production and uncertain global economic environment. The country’s government can stimulate economic growth by implementing an expansionary fiscal policy. In particular, it should increase public spending and reduce taxes. An expansionary fiscal policy is appropriate because the country has a low inflation rate, whereas its unemployment rate is high. Additionally, the policy will stimulate demand, thereby increasing the rate of GDP growth. Nonetheless, an expansionary fiscal policy is likely to be inflationary. Moreover, it can crowd-out investments in the private sector and increase public debt if it is financed through large-scale borrowing. In this regard, the government should also implement policies that will prevent high inflation and the crowding-out effect. Appendix Figure 1: AD-AS Model (shift in AD curve) Figure 2: AD-AS Model (shift in SAS curve) Figure 3: Effect of expansionary fiscal policy Figure 4: Effect of reduced prod uction costs Figure 5: effect of fiscal consolidation Al-Khateeb, Faisal, Ali Darrat and Khaled Elkhal. The UAE Growth Surge: Have Information Technology and Human Capital Contributed? Studies in Economics adn Finance 24.4 (2007): 297-306. Print. Chamberlin, Graeme, Linda Linda and Yi-Chuang Yueh. Macroeconomics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006. Print. Minford, Patrick and David Peel. Advanced Macroeconomics. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2002. Print. Nyarko, Yaw. The United Arab Emirates. Business. New York: UNU-WIDER, 2013. Print. Romer, David. Advanced Macroeconomics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. Print. Rossana, Robert. Macroeconomics. London: Oxford University Press, 2011. Print. World Bank. UAE Economic Indicators. World Bank Group, 31 Dec. 2012. Web.